BASIC DESCRIPTION OF SITE PRODUCTION OF CREAM

CREAM is produced from STEARIC ACID, POTTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, WATER,PERFUME AND OTHER RAW MATERIALS in a Mixer under VACCUM and TEMPERATURE through Silverson Pump to homogenise materials.Steric Acid and some other Raw Materials taking in the mixer from SidePot and rest of the materials in the main Mixer Vessel.
      After Preparations of CREAM transfer to the holding TANK from there to filling HOPPER and PACKED.

BASIC DESCRIPTION OF SITE PRODUCTION OF SAMPOO

SAMPOO is produced taking SSC/SLES jaguar through SidePot in the Mixer Wate and other RAWMATERIALS direct in the Mixer.Then Mix it well through silverson Pump.After Preparation of Sampoo transfered to drums and packed in diffirent Bottle.

BASIC DESCRIPTION OF SITE PRODUCTION OF NSD/DETERGENTS

Soda Ash goes sigma mixer through starting of vibroseive or ceiving.Add Common Salt goes directly passing in sigma mixer it means both two soda and common salts goes in sigma mixer through RAW MARERIAL charging tube.Then after start the sigma mixer,spray Sulphonic Acid with colour solution in Acid Tank approximately five minutes with the help of starting of agitator. Later on,Add Catalytic water and Lemon Perfume.
      Again take Dolomite and Forca-U in RAW MATERIAL charging chute through directly which is discharged or mixing to each other under 30-45 seconds in mixer.Lastly Filling,Sealing and Stiching.

BASIC DESCRIPTION OF SITE PRODUCTION OF TOOTHPASTE

Toothpaste is produced from rawmaterials like Sorbital,Abrs.Silica,Thickening Silica,Water,Colour,Flavour and Different Ingrediants in a mixed under vaccum. Sorbital and some materials of known quantity taking in the mixer through side pot.Thickening Silica and Abr.Silica taking from Silica hopper direct in the Mixer.
       After Preparation of Toothpaste transfered to holding tank,then it is goes to filling hopper and packed.

BASIC DESCRIPTION OF SITE PRODUCTION OF SOAP

Soap is produced from DFA through Crucher System.Crucher system have two batch tanks one are DFA and otherwise CAUSTIC and these tanks are one load Cell.Metered Quantity of all liquid components viz DFA Blend,Coustic and brine solution are added in crucher thruogg gravity feed and the reactent product is homogenoiused through circulation pump where soap formation takes place.Soap From Crucher goes to the feed tank after complete saponifications.
     The Drying of soap is carried out in mazzoni spray drier.The dried soap noodle received from mazzoni is mixed with addities such as structurants,opacifier,colour perfume etc. in sigma mixer.The mixed soap mass thum obtained is Milled,Plodded,Billeted,Stamped,Wrapped and Packed.

TOTAL ALKALINITY/METHYL ORANGE ALKALINITY

1.     Apparatus

        S1/S2                :-PVC burette stand

        E1                     :- Titration Burette
 
        F                       :-Conical Flask
 
        U1                    :-Calibrated Test tube (Measuring Cylinder)

2. Reagents

       T2                      :Titrant

       A2                      Indicator

3.Test Procedure

      a.  Take 25 ml of water sample with the help of measuring cylinder T1 in conical Flask F.

      b.Add 4-5 drops of indicator A2,greenish yellow colour will appear in presence of alkalinity.

      c.Fill burette E1 with titrant T2 upto zero mark.

      d. Titrate the sample till colour changes from greenish yellow to smoky red.

4.Calculations

      Total Alkalinity = M.Alkalinity = Burette Reading is Multiplied by 4O as ppm CaCO3

PH TEST(WITH REAGENT)

1.Apparatus:-10ml calibrated test tube(U2)
2.Reagents:- A1-PH indicator solution
3.Test Procedure    
    a. Test in a calibrated test tube (U2) water sample to be tested upto the 10 ml mark.
    b. Add 4 drops of reagent A1 With the help of dropping Bottle.
    c.Mix well and compare the colour developed with the help of following table.
    d.Note down the PH value.
           
               PH                          COLOUR

Upto       3.0                            Red
               4.0                           Orange Red
               5.0                           Orange
               6.0                           Yellow
               7.0                           Yellowish Green
               8.0                           Greenish Blue
               9.0                            Blue
              10.0                          Violet
              11.0                          Reddish Violet

Reduction Of Waste Concentration By Recovery and Reuse Of Chemicals

From the view point of possible reduction of waste load,following points need attention:
1.Recovery of caustic soda from mercerising wash waters and the reuse after evaporation and concentration
   is a  very vital factor. Most of the composite mills have realised its importance and related economics,and have    successfully adopted it with advantage.
2.Recovery of wool grease in wool scouring by crocking,centri fuging of solvent extraction in important
   in woolen industry.
3.Use of standing bath in dyeing in possible for several dyes and should be practiced.
4.Finishing left-overs should be collected and put to reuse for finishing of either same sort later on or finishing
   other sorts after suitable adjustment.
5.Possibility of reusing from carbonising should be explored.
6.Synthetic sizing agents can be recovered from desizing both my suitable method and can be reused for
    sizing along with fresh size.

Reduction in Concentration of Chemicals

It has been observed that invariably higher concentration of chemical like acids,alkalies,hydrosulphide,bleaching   chemicals and various auxiliaries are used in textile processing as per manufactures recomandations in order to provide a large margin of  safety. From the point of reduction of pollution load this calls for critical study of chemical recipes used for each step.After judicious study,minimun ammount necessary for process should only be used for satisfactory working.This not only helps in reducing the pollution load,but also helps in effecting concidearable economy.Any extra residual chemical even from sweeping etc. entering the drains will have a harmfull efect and make the effuent highly vulnerable.

Reuse of treated effluent

It is technically Possible to treate the textile mill waste water to make it suitable for use in processing.After primary and secondary treatements,certain tertiary treatements are to be used when waste is required to be reused. Various tertiary treatment methods suitable for textile waste are as follows.
1.Activated carbon treatement.
2.Reverse Osmosis.
3.Demineralisation of ion exchange treatement.
4.Electro-dialysis.
5.Ultraviolet Purification.
6.Anaerobic denitrification.
7.Algae harvesting.

Reduction Of Waste Concentration by Process Modification

Some of the modification in textile proce ssing which are capable of reducing water pollution load are:
1.Use of foam technology.
2.Use of transfer printing.
3.Partial or complete replacement of printing gums by suitable emulsions.
4.Use of mineral acid in desizing.

Practical approach towards water pollution controll

For efficient control of water pollution in textile industry,a practical approach is to take necessary steps in the following order:
1.Reduction in the waste volume.
2.Reduction in cocentration of chemical used and thereby reduction in their harmful effects.
3.Reduction of waste concentration by recovery and reuse.
4.Reduction of waste concentration by chemical substitution.
5.Reduction of waste concentration by process modification.
6.Segregation of drains.
7.Devising suitabke treatement based on point of ultimate disposal to meet the requirement.
8.To explore the economics related to rescue of treated effluent.

Steps of Reduce Air Pollution

Air Pollution can be redused by one or more of the followings steps:
1.Collection of dust and fluff by powerfull vacuum system as near as possible to the point of origin.
2.Proper control on combustion parameters including scientific designing and erection of furneces
   and chimneys,taking into account sectional area of fire grates,flue gases,appropriate drought,chimney
   height etc.
3.Installation of cyclone separator for coal fired Boilers.
4.Use of low sulpher fuel so as to reduse sulpher dioxide in flue gases.
5.use of synthetic thickner of foam in place of kerosene emulsion.
6.Use of urea in curing of rapidogen colurs in place of acid ageing.
7.Use of proper container and hood designs with vent scrubbers to reduce fumes and vapours.

Sourses of Polution

Pollution results in the contanimation of natural resources.This includes air,water and surroundings.To combat pollution,it is advisable to study the sources of pollution.The sources of pollution in industry are as follows:
1.Cotton dust and full form mechanical processes.
2.Boiler flue gases and smoke nuisance.
3.Kerosene vapours from polymerising machines.
4.Chemical vapours from finishing machines.
5.Vapours of oxidation colours.
6.Nitrous fumes during diazotisation.
7.Cholorine Vapours.

Introduction in Invironment

ENVIRONMENT protection is perhaps the most often talked about subject in today's industrial and social scene,all over the world.More and more strinqent laws of Invironment protection are being enforced in many countries including ours.
   Environmental protection has also been receiving greater attention from the government and local statutory bodies.From May 1986 The 'Environment Bill'has been put into operation in our country nepal.

Classification of Defects of any Products

"A"DEFECT:-Readily recognised by the consumer or User of products and if observed in product would  probably involve refusal to purchase.
"B"DEFECT:-Hesistancy to Purchase if immediately recognised or discovered latter.
"C"DEFECT:-Recognised but does not effect immediate decision to buy.
"D"DEFECT:-Not recognised by the consumer as a defect but their purchase in large numbers could give rise to                     less favourable impression.

Quality in Inspections and Informations

It describes Maaning of Inspection that is examination,form of Inspection,Acceptance Inspections,Inspection planning and Inspection data feed back etc.It also explained Data feedback,Quality Audits,Quality Assessment,Failures and Defects,Cost of Poor Quality and Lastly Bench Marking or Point of reference,Surveyor's mark at point in the line of levels.

Quality in Marketing and Processing

Market Oreintation that is established oneself in relation to surroundings,costomer relationship,person entering shop etc.to buy,personwho buys etc.It has three rolesin every process,process controll,,Description and analysis of process,process variation,process capability andprocess ownership etc.

Emplyoy's morel for Good Quality

Fitness for use is called Quality.Fitness for use means,the ability to do processing with high priductivity,low wastes,minimum down time etc.In addition,the resulting product should be fit for use by the manufacturing Row-materials.
    Certai accepted norms a minimum esst good product depend on the test data,Instruments Techniques,Result must be studied carefully.Laboratery has a vital rule to play in Quality Control.

Quality Audit

Total Quality work (By Top Management),Quality system,Quality procedures and Job instruction,production processers,Delivered Products,Work in Process,Certification Requirement,Official requirement,costomers requirement,Wishes of top Management.
    Quality audits should be informed by in divisuals who donot have direct responsibility for the activity which is covered by the Audit.It has two groups:External and Internal Auditors.

Quality System and Organisation

We needs a clear and best path or method to reach the quality goals that is called Quality systems.To produce
a good materials we need a guide lines who can provided the dicision for Quality prodoct,For example Quality control Department.

Charecterices of Quality leadership,Goals and systems

To Succcess in market we need quality and for quality and for quality we needs quality leadership who can explained and provided hands on leadership quality.In order to realise this vision real leadership is required:
   we needs quality goals for our product how many presents"A grade product(99.9%)to produce.We needs a clear and best path or method to reach the quality goals that is called Quality system.
   

Co-ordination for Quality

In any company it is very important to co-ordination for Quality.If there is Quardination between internal department and subordinate section they can improve the quality like planning,purchssing,marketing and development.

Quality and Profitability

Quality is the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs.
            Different types of quality which have to mustnece ddary to know:-
:Profitability is the most important thing surbive and development of company.If there is no any profit in company then there is no anyposibility tosurbive.That means Profitability is directly proprotional to 100%Quality.If higher shells of company then its earns more money.If company gives high production with good quality.If company has small employement.
    

Study of effuents

AN unusual situation has arisen in a process house due to increasing cost of water,storage of row water and problem of effluent disposal.This has made process houses aware of the need to economise on water ussage.More so because with the increase intake of water,more is the quantum of effluent and this creates a problem of disposal.